The International Monetary Fund (IMF) says economic growth in Guyana slowed in 2017, “but became more broad-based.”
In concluding Article IV consultation with Guyanese authorities, the Washington, D.C.-based financial institution said on Monday that the country’s economy grew by 2.1 percent, down from 3.4 percent in 2016, “on the account of lower than expected mining output and weak performance in the sugar sector.”
Nonetheless, the IMF said non-mining growth rebounded to 4.1 percent following a contraction in 2016.
Inflation remained stable at 1.5 percent at end-2017, largely driven by food items, while core inflation was close to zero, the IMF said.
It said the external balance “turned negative due to weaker than expected export growth and higher oil prices.”
In 2017, the IMF said the current account recorded a deficit of 6.7 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) from a surplus of 0.4 percent in 2016.
The financial account improved due to foreign direct investment (FDI), particularly in the oil and gas sector, and higher loan disbursements to the public sector, the IMF said.
It said gross reserve cover stood at 3.2 months of imports at end-2017.
The IMF said the central government’s deficit remained stable at around 4.5 percent of GDP in 2017.
It said improvements in tax administration contributed to a 1.2 percentage point increase in the tax revenue to GDP ratio, which was partly offset by a 0.4 percentage point decline in the ratio for non-tax revenue.
Public debt stood at 52.2 percent of GDP at end-2017, the IMF said, adding that credit to the private sector grew 2.1 percent in 2017 “due to a combination of weak demand and banks continuing to strengthen their balance sheets.”
The IMF said Guyana’s banking system remains relatively stable.
Although banks remain profitable and have adequate capital buffers, it said non-performing loans (NPLs) remain high at 12.2 percent of total loans at end-2017, down from 12.9 percent at end-2016.
The IMF, however, said Guyana’s medium-term prospects are “very favorable.”
It said oil production is expected to commence in 2020, stating that additional oil discoveries have “significantly improved the medium- and long-term outlook.”
It said economic growth is projected to be 3.4 percent in 2018, “driven by continued strength in the construction and rice sectors, and a recovery in gold mining.”
The current account deficit is projected to narrow to 6.1 and 4.3 percent of GDP in 2018 and 2019, respectively, the IMF said, stating that the deficit will be financed largely by FDI inflows and donor-supported investment.
It said the central government deficit is projected to widen to 5.4 and 5.1 percent of GDP in 2018 and 2019 “due to the cost of restructuring the sugar sector and an increase in infrastructure-related capital expenditure.”
Public debt is projected to rise in the short-term, before declining with the onset of oil production, the IMF said.
“While growth slowed down in 2017, it became more broad-based, and is expected to accelerate in the run-up to the start of oil production in 2020,” the IMF said. “The extractive industries and public investment will be key drivers of economic growth over the medium-term.
“Reducing the costs of doing business, strengthening private sector confidence, and advancing productivity-enhancing reforms are essential for sustaining growth in the short-term, and for reaping the full benefits of the oil windfall once it materializes.”
The IMF said short-term financing “needs should be carefully managed.
“The authorities’ prudence and restraint towards borrowing in anticipation of future oil revenue is commendable,” it said, adding that “they should rely as much as possible on Multilateral Development Banks, including their non-concessional financing operations.”
The Washington-based financial institution said developing the domestic capital markets would provide a more stable source of financing and help meet the needs of domestic long-term institutional investors.
But the IMF warned that private external borrowing “should continue to be avoided, and central bank financing should not be used at all.”
The IMF said its staff welcomed the authorities’ intention to close the overdraft balances at the central bank in the near-term.
“Saving the one-off gains from the tax amnesty would reduce financing needs, and also help preserve external buffers,” the IMF said.
It said the quality and efficiency of government expenditure should continue to be improved.
“It is important to address the shortcomings identified by the public investment management assessment (PIMA) before public investment is significantly scaled-up with oil revenues,” the IMF said.
“For similar reasons, it would be useful to review current expenditures to ensure they achieve the maximum welfare and inclusion benefits,” it added.
The IMF said the rules-based fiscal framework for managing oil wealth should be “transparent and consistent with the resource fund deposit / withdrawal rules.
“It should provide the basis for determining the allocation of annual oil revenue for stabilization and domestic capital expenditure, as well as intergenerational savings,” it said. “The consistency between the fund deposit / withdrawal rules and a fiscal rule could be reinforced by a fiscal responsibility legislation.”
The IMF said monetary policy should gradually revert towards a neutral stance as the economic recovery gains pace, and inflationary pressures arise.
It said the exchange rate should play “a more active role in cushioning external shocks going forward.”
The IMF warned that Guyana remains vulnerable to external shocks, given the concentration of its exports in a few commodities and its reliance on imported oil in the short-term.
Over the long-term, it said building an adequate buffer stock of savings from the oil revenues would also help cope with external shocks.
The IMF said significant progress has been made in implementing the 2016 financial sector assessment program (FSAP) recommendations, but added that “further progress is needed in some areas.”
“Ensuring the internal consistency of supervisory function from routine supervision to intervention and resolution remains a priority,” the IMF said.
It said other important areas where work still needs to be finalized include: Eliminating reduced provisioning requirements for “well-secured” portions of NPLs; refining the definition of “related parties” with the international standards; reducing the reliance on overdraft lending; clarifying the upstream and downstream ownership of institutions; and raising minimum capital adequacy requirement to 12 percent; and reducing the banks’ large exposure limits.
“Enhancing competitiveness and supporting inclusive growth should remain a high priority,” the IMF said. “Greater efforts are needed to lower the cost of doing business by addressing infrastructure-related bottlenecks, reducing energy costs, and cutting red tape.”
The IMF said increasing female labor force participation and bridging the gaps with the Hinterland can boost growth and help spread its benefits more widely.
It said oil exploration and production should be included in the national accounts, “when they are rebased, and also in the BOP (balance of payment) statistics.
“Strengthening external sector statistics and compiling an international investment position should be a priority,” the IMF recommended.
